¼º´É ÃøÁ¤... ÀÏ´Ü ½Ã½ºÅÛ °ü¸®ÀÚ¶ó¸é ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¼º´É¿¡ ½Å°æ¾²Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù... ¹°·Ð..º¸¾ÈµîµîÀÇ °ü¸®µµ ÇØÁà¾ß °ÚÁö¸¸¿ä...ÇæÇæ~ ±×·¯³ª ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Æò°¡ÇÑ´Ù¸é...°ÅÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ ¹Ù¶óº¸°Ô µË´Ï´Ù... ¾ÈÁ¤¼º°ú ¼º´É... ÀÌ µÎ°¡ÁöÁß ¿©±â¼­ »ìÆ캼°ÍÀº ¼º´ÉÃøÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.. ½Ã½ºÅÛ °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »çÇ×µéÀ» ÁßÁ¡ÀûÀ¸·Î °ËÅäÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.. - cpu »ç¿ë·® - ¹öÆÛÀÇ »ç¿ë·® - µð½ºÅ©¿Í ¹é¾÷ÀÇ i/oÀÇ ¾×ƼºñƼ - Å͹̳Πµð¹ÙÀ̽ºÀÇ ¾×ƼºñƼ - ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÄÝÀÇ ¾×ƼºñƼ - context switching - file access - queue activity - kernel table - interprocess communication - ÆäÀÌ¡ - free memory and swap sapce - KMA(Kernel Memory Allocation) - RFS(Remote File Sharing) °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »çÇ×µéÀ» cron(ÀÏÁ¤ÁÖ±â·Î ÀÛ¾÷À» ¸í·É)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤/°ËÅäÇÏ¿© ±× ¸®Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇϵµ·Ï ÇؾßÇÕ´Ï´Ù.. ±×·¯¸é ¼º´ÉÃøÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ Çϳª¾¿ »ìÆ캸±â·Î ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.. ¾çÀÌ Á» ¸¹³×¿©..ÇæÇæ~ ÀÏ´Ü Àü¿¡µµ ³ª¿Â ps(ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º »óÅ ÃøÁ¤) ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ´Ù½ÃÇѹø »ìÆ캾½Ã´Ù.. º¸ÅëÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡¼­ -l ¿É¼Ç¸¸ ÁÖ¸é ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×À» ³ª¿­ÇØ ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.. °¢ ÇʵåÀÇ Àǹ̴ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.. F : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Ç÷¡±× S : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ »óÅ O : ½ÇÇàÁßÀÎ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º S : Sleeping »óÅÂÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º R : Run Queue ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Z : Zombie »óÅÂÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º T : Job control signal¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¤ÁöµÈ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º UID : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚÀÎ user ID ¼ö PID : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ID PPID : ºÎ¸ðÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ID C : ½ºÄÉÁÙ¸µÀ» À§ÇÑ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º »ç¿ë·® CLS : ½ºÄÉÁÙ¸µ Ŭ·¡½º PRI : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§ NI : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§ »ç¿ëµÈ °ª ADDR : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÁÖ¼Ò SZ : °¡»ó ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ Àüü Å©±â, µ¥ÀÌŸ¿Í ½ºÅà ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ® Å©±â WCHAN : Sleeping »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ À̺¥Æ® ÁÖ¼Ò STIME : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ½ÃÀ۽ð£ TTY : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ½ÇÇà Å͹̳ΠTIME : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ½ÇÇà ´©Àû½Ã°£ COMMAND : ¸í·É¾î ¶Ç -o ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ƯÁ¤ Æ÷¸äÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ »óŸ¦ Á¡°ËÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¢°¢ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸®¼Ò½ºµîÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù... °¢ ÇʵåÀÇ Àǹ̴ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.. À§¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â Çʵå´Â »ý·«ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.. user : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º »ç¿ë»óÀÇ user ID ruser : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ user ID group : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º »ç¿ë»óÀÇ group ID rgroup : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ group ID pid ppid pgid : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ group ID pcpu : °°Àº ½Ã°£´ë¿¡ CPU »ç¿ë½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÀ²(%) vsz : °¡»ó¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Àüü Å©±â nice : ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ½ºÄÉÁÙ¸µ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÊÁø¼ö°ª dd : ¿äÀÏ hh : ½Ã°£ mm : ºÐ ss : ÃÊ tty comm args : ¸ðµç ¾Æ±Ô¸ÕÆ®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸í·É¾î ========================================================================================================================== # ps -l F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD 8 S 0 9421 9415 0 51 20 e173e0e0 61 e173e14c pts/4 0:00 sh 8 O 0 9422 9421 0 51 20 e16717f8 354 pts/4 0:00 ps # ps -efl | more F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN STIME TTY TIME CMD 19 T root 0 0 0 0 SY fec16d9c 0 11¿ù 26 ? 0:03 sched 8 S root 1 0 0 40 20 e0e1a750 162 e0e1a97c 11¿ù 26 ? 0:01 /etc/init - 19 S root 2 0 0 0 SY e0e1a008 0 fec397bc 11¿ù 26 ? 0:01 pageout 19 S root 3 0 0 0 SY e0e14758 0 feca0564 11¿ù 26 ? 28:41 fsflush 8 S root 323 1 0 40 20 e0e14010 359 e0e0dc9c 11¿ù 26 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/saf/sac -t 300 8 S root 268 267 0 44 20 e0e72760 627 e128972c 11¿ù 26 ? 0:00 htt_server -port 9010 -syslog -mess 8 S root 154 1 0 41 20 e0e72018 540 e0f12782 11¿ù 26 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/rpcbind 8 S root 63 1 0 57 20 e0f48768 322 e0f48994 11¿ù 26 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/sysevent/syseventd 8 S root 65 1 0 57 20 e0f48020 270 8062f54 11¿ù 26 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/sysevent/syseventconfd 8 S root 223 1 0 44 20 e10f9770 733 e10f999c 11¿ù 26 ? 0:02 /usr/sbin/nscd 8 S root 140 1 0 40 20 e10f9028 395 e0f127c2 11¿ù 26 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/inet/in.ndpd 8 S root 206 1 0 47 20 e10f6778 763 e0f12482 11¿ù 26 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/syslogd 8 S root 197 1 0 41 20 e10f6030 642 807fd1c 11¿ù 26 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/autofs/automountd . . . . . . . # ps -ef -o 'user group pid ppid pcpu pmem vsz rss time stime tty args' | more USER GROUP PID PPID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TIME STIME TT COMMAND root root 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0:03 11¿ù_26 ? sched root root 1 0 0.0 0.1 648 116 0:01 11¿ù_26 ? /etc/init - root root 2 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0:01 11¿ù_26 ? pageout root root 3 0 0.1 0.0 0 0 28:41 11¿ù_26 ? fsflush root root 323 1 0.0 0.2 1436 140 0:00 11¿ù_26 ? /usr/lib/saf/sac -t 300 . . . . . . ========================================================================================================================== ´ÙÀ½Àº vmstat ¸í·É¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ »ìÆ캾´Ï´Ù... ÀÌ ¸í·É¾î´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º, °¡»ó ¸Þ¸ð¸®, ÆäÀÌ¡, µð½ºÅ©, CPU µîÀÇ »óŸ¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.. ¸ÖƼÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â ¸ðµç ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ »ç¿ë·®ÀÇ Æò±Õ°ªÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.. ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.. c : cache flushing Åë°èÄ¡ i : µð¹ÙÀ̽º´ç ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ® ¼ö s : ºÎÆà ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýµÈ Àüü À̺¥Æ® S : ÆäÀÌ¡ ´ë½Å¿¡ ½º¿ÍÇÎÀ» Ç¥½Ã. ÆäÀÌ¡ÀÇ re¿Í mf¸¦ ½º¿ÍÇÎ Ãâ·ÂÀÇ ÀÔ/Ãâ·ÂÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. °¢ Çʵ带 »ìÆ캸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù... procs: ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ¼ö¿Í ±×¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. - r : ½ÇÇà °¡´ÉÇÑ »óÅ·Π´ë±â Å¥¿¡ ½×ÀÎ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ¼ö. ¼ýÀÚ°¡ Å©¸é ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ ¿øÇÒÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌ. ÀÌ ¼öÄ¡°¡ 3 ÀÌ»óÀ» ³Ñ¾î °°´Ù¸é CPU´Â ¹Ù»Û °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¸é µÈ´Ù.. - b : ÀÔ/Ãâ·Â ÀÚ¿øÀ» ÇÒ´ç¹ÞÁö ¸øÇØ ºí·ÏµÈ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º - w : swap-outµÈ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¼ö. ½ÇÇà °¡´ÉÇÑ ´ë±â Å¥¿¡´Â ½×ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í swap-outµÈ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º°¡ ¸¹´Ù´Â °ÍÀº physical memory°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù´Â ¶æ memory : °¡»ó¸Þ¸ð¸®¿Í Phygical ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ »ç¿ë·®.. free¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡ ÀνºÅçµÈ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ 6% º¸´Ù °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛÀ¸¸é °¡¿ë ¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ°í, ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ º´¸ñÇö»ó page : ÃÊ ´ç ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â fault page ¼ö¿Í ½ÇÇàÁßÀÎ ÆäÀÌ¡ Ç¥½Ã - re : page reclaim - mf : minor fault - pi : page in(KB) - po : page out(KB) - fr : free(KB) - de : short-term ¸Þ¸ð¸® ºÎÁ·ºÐ, Áï, swap-inÀ» ¸·±â À§Çؼ­ swap-out½Ã¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÈ ÀΰøÀûÀÎ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ ºÎÁ·ºÐÀÌ´Ù. - sr : clock ¾Ë°í¸®Áò¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÆäÀÌÁö scanned. sr Àº °¡¿ë ¸Þ¸ð¸® ºÎÁ·½Ã¿¡ È°¼ºÈ­µµ´Ï ÆäÀÌÁö µ¥¸óÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. Áï, sr ÀÌ Å©´Ù´Â °ÍÀº »ç¿ë °¡´É ¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼öÄ¡°¡ ¾à 300 ÀÌ»óÀ» ³Ñ¾î °¥¶§´Â »ç¿ë°¡´É ¸Þ¸ð¸® ºÎÁ·»óÅ disk : ÃÊ´ç µð½ºÅ© Á¶ÀÛ¼ö faults : ÃÊ´ç trap/interrupt ºñÀ² - in : device interrupt(non clock) - sy : ÃÊ´ç system fault - cs : CPU context switch À² CPU : CPU »ç¿ë½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹éºÐÀ²(%) - us : »ç¿ëÀÚ »ç¿ë ½Ã°£ - sy : ½Ã½ºÅÛ »ç¿ë ½Ã°£ - id : idel time ========================================================================================================================== # vmstat 3 -- 3ÃÊÁÖ±â·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¼º´ÉÃøÁ¤ procs memory page disk faults cpu r b w swap free re mf pi po fr de sr cd f0 s0 -- in sy cs us sy id 0 0 0 402156 24052 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 124 124 233 0 1 99 0 0 0 326372 2764 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 139 100 232 0 0 100 0 0 0 326372 2764 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 137 99 229 0 0 100 # vmstat -s -- ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆÃÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ Áö±Ý±îÁö ¹ß»ýÇÑ ¸ðµç À̺¥Æ®¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. 0 swap ins 0 swap outs 0 pages swapped in 0 pages swapped out 1338611 total address trans. faults taken 79572 page ins 94967 page outs 264645 pages paged in 235797 pages paged out 522758 total reclaims 522751 reclaims from free list 0 micro (hat) faults 1338611 minor (as) faults 66710 major faults 275034 copy-on-write faults 269827 zero fill page faults 207534 pages examined by the clock daemon 7 revolutions of the clock hand 258255 pages freed by the clock daemon 8612 forks 817 vforks 7357 execs 131379033 cpu context switches 126398988 device interrupts 1806843 traps 70023420 system calls 3482588 total name lookups (cache hits 97%) 44446 user cpu 339472 system cpu 55847698 idle cpu 78465 wait cpu # vmstat -S 3 -- ÆäÀÌ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ë...si/so°¡ Ãß°¡µÊ...(si: ÃÊ´ç swap-in¼ö, so: swap-outµÈ Àüü ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ¼ö) procs memory page disk faults cpu r b w swap free si so pi po fr de sr cd f0 s0 -- in sy cs us sy id 0 0 0 402040 24016 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 124 124 233 0 1 99 0 0 0 326340 2692 0 0 0 8 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 134 97 230 0 0 100 0 0 0 326340 2692 0 0 0 8 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 133 99 229 0 0 100 # vmstat -i interrupt total rate -------------------------------- clock 56339497 100 fdc0 55 0 -------------------------------- Total 56339552 100 ========================================================================================================================== ´ÙÀ½Àº µð½ºÅ©¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¼º´ÉÃøÁ¤ÀÇ ¸í·É¾î¿Í ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ìÆ캸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù... iostat´Â °¢ µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼­ ¹Þ´Â ·Îµå¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í·É¾î ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.. ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.. c : user mode, system mode, I/O¸¦ À§ÇÑ waiting, idle µî¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ »ç¿ë ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹éºÐÀ² D : ÃÊ´ç µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ read, write¿Í utilzation¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹éºÐÀ² t : ÃÊ´ç Å͹̳ο¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ read, writeÀÇ character ¼ö x : Ãß°¡µÈ ¸ðµç µð½ºÅ©µéÀÇ »óÅ ǥ½Ã ´ÙÀ½Àº °¢ ÇʵåÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.. tin : Å͹̳ΠÀÔ·ÂÅ¥ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¼ö tout : Å͹̳ΠÃâ·ÂÅ¥ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¼ö bps : ÃÊ´ç ºí·Ï tps : ÃÊ´ç Æ®·£Àè¼Ç serv : ¼­ºñ½º ½Ã°£ÀÇ Æò±Õ°ª(´ÜÀ§:ms) us : »ç¿ëÀÚ ¸ðµå sy : ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸ðµå wr : ÀÔÃâ·Â wating id : idle r/s : ÃÊ´ç Àбâ¼ö w/s : ÃÊ´ç ¾²±â¼ö kr/s : ÃÊ´ç Àбâ¼ö(KB) kw/s : ÃÊ´ç ¾²±â¼ö(KB) wait : ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ Æ®·£Àè¼Ç waiting Æò±Õ°ª actv : ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¼­ºñ½ºµÈ Æ®·£Àè¼ÇÀÇ Æò±Õ°ª svc_t: ¼­ºñ½º ½Ã°£ Æò±Õ°ª(´ÜÀ§: ms) %w : Å¥°¡ ºñ¾îÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ã°£ÀÇ ¹éºÐÀ² %b : µð½ºÅ©°¡ busy »óÅÂÀÎ ½Ã°£ÀÇ ¹éºÐÀ² ========================================================================================================================== # iostat 3 tty cmdk0 sd0 nfs1 nfs2 cpu tin tout kps tps serv kps tps serv kps tps serv kps tps serv us sy wt id 0 7 14 2 40 0 0 7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 99 0 78 8 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 27 8 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 99 # iostat -xtc 3 -- 30°£ÀÇ Æò±Õ »ç¿ë·®ÀÌ 30%¸¦ ³Ñ´Â µð½ºÅ© ¼­ºñ½º ½Ã°£Àº Á¡°ËÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. extended device statistics tty cpu device r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b tin tout us sy wt id cmdk0 0.2 1.4 2.5 11.4 0.1 0.0 39.5 0 1 0 7 0 1 0 99 fd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95.7 0 0 sd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 0 0 nfs1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0 0 nfs2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 extended device statistics tty cpu device r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b tin tout us sy wt id cmdk0 0.0 1.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0 0 0 172 0 0 0 100 fd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 sd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 nfs1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 nfs2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 # iostat -D 3 -- ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ µð½ºÅ© ÀÔÃâ·ÂÀÌ °¡Àå È°¹ßÇÒ¶§ ÃøÁ¤...utilÀÌ 65% ÀÌ»óÀÌ¸é °úºÎÇÏ·Î ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. cmdk0 sd0 nfs1 nfs2 rps wps util rps wps util rps wps util rps wps util 0 1 0.6 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 1 1 1.4 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 1 0.2 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 ========================================================================================================================== ´ÙÀ½Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¿©·¯ ¸®¼Ò½ºµéÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í·É¾î·Î sar(System Activity Reporter)¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.. ÀÌ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¿î¿µÁßÀÎ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ¼öÁýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ƯÁ¤ ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Áֱ⿡ ÀÇÇØ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ÆÄÀÏ·Î Á¤¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.. ù¹ø° Æ÷¸ä tÃÊÀÇ °£°ÝÀ» ÁÖ±â·Î ÇÏ¿© n¹ø ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇà. -o ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ƯÁ¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ÇüÅ·ΠÀúÀå µÎ¹ø° Æ÷¸ä ÁÖ·Î Àü¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì sar¸í·ÉÀ» ÅëÇØ ±â·ÏÇØ µÎ¾ú´ø ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÌ Æ÷¸äÀ» »ç¿ë -f ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ºÒ·¯¿Ã ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. -s, -e ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ½ÃÀÛ°ú ³¡³ª´Â ½Ã°£À» Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. -i ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ÁÖ±â(ÃÊ)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¿É¼Ç -a : Check file access operation -b : Report buffer activity -c : Report system calls -d : Report block device activity -g : Report paging activity( page-out & memory freeing) -k : Report kernel memory allocation(KMA) activity -m : Report message & semaphore acitivity -p : Report pagin acitivity(page-in & fault activity) -q : Report average queue length while occupied & percent of time occupied -r : Report unused memory pages & disk blocks -u : Report CPU utilization -v : Report status of process. i-node, file tables -x : Report remote file-shring activity -w : Report system swapping & switching activity -y : Report TTY device activity -A : Report all data Âü°í: ƯÁ¤¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±âº» ¿É¼ÇÀÌ -u ========================================================================================================================== # sar 3 5 -- 3ÃÊ °£°ÝÀ¸·Î 5ȸ ½ÇÇà SunOS yasicom 5.8 Generic_108529-09 i86pc 12/03/01 01:23:35 %usr %sys %wio %idle 01:23:38 0 0 0 100 01:23:41 0 0 0 100 01:23:44 0 1 0 99 01:23:47 0 0 0 100 01:23:50 0 0 0 100 Average 0 0 0 100 # sar 3 5 -- ƯÁ¤ ¿É¼Ç ¾øÀÌ cpu Á¡°Ë SunOS yasicom 5.8 Generic_108529-09 i86pc 12/03/01 01:23:35 %usr %sys %wio %idle 01:23:38 0 0 0 100 01:23:41 0 0 0 100 01:23:44 0 1 0 99 01:23:47 0 0 0 100 01:23:50 0 0 0 100 Average 0 0 0 100 # sar -o /tmp/sar_1.file 3 5 SunOS yasicom 5.8 Generic_108529-09 i86pc 12/03/01 01:24:50 %usr %sys %wio %idle 01:24:53 0 2 0 98 01:24:56 0 0 0 100 01:24:59 0 0 0 100 01:25:02 0 0 0 100 01:25:05 0 0 0 100 Average 0 0 0 100 # ls -l /tmp/sar_1.file -rw-r--r-- 1 root other 17640 12¿ù 3ÀÏ 01:25 /tmp/sar_1.file # sar -f /tmp/sar_1.file SunOS yasicom 5.8 Generic_108529-09 i86pc 12/03/01 01:24:50 %usr %sys %wio %idle 01:24:53 0 2 0 98 01:24:56 0 0 0 100 01:24:59 0 0 0 100 01:25:02 0 0 0 100 01:25:05 0 0 0 100 Average 0 0 0 100 # sar -b 3 5 -- ¹öÆÛÀÇ activity Á¡°Ë SunOS yasicom 5.8 Generic_108529-09 i86pc 12/03/01 01:26:14 bread/s lread/s %rcache bwrit/s lwrit/s %wcache pread/s pwrit/s -- %rcache¿Í %wcache´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¹öÆÛÀÇ À¯È¿°ª 01:26:17 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 01:26:20 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 01:26:23 0 5 100 4 9 58 0 0 01:26:26 0 1 100 1 1 0 0 0 01:26:29 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 Average 0 1 100 1 2 52 0 0 -- %rcache°¡ 90 ÀÌÇÏ·Î ¶³¾îÁö°Å³ª, %wcache°¡ 65 ÀÌÇÏ·Î ÃøÁ¤µÇ¸é ¹öÆÛ ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÄѼ­ ¼º´É Áõ°¡½ÃÅ´ # # # # sar -d 10 3 -- µð½ºÅ© ÀÔÃâ·Â Á¡°Ë...10ÃÊ°£°ÝÀ¸·Î 3¹ø SunOS yasicom 5.8 Generic_108529-09 i86pc 12/03/01 01:28:21 device %busy avque r+w/s blks/s avwait avserv 01:28:31 cmdk0 0 0.0 2 26 0.0 2.4 fd0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 nfs1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 nfs2 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 sd0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,bu 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,ct 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,in 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,is 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,to 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 01:28:41 cmdk0 0 0.0 1 14 0.0 2.4 fd0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 nfs1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 nfs2 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 sd0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,bu 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,ct 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,in 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,is 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,to 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 01:28:51 cmdk0 0 0.0 1 14 0.0 2.4 fd0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 nfs1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 nfs2 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 sd0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,bu 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,ct 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,in 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,is 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,to 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 Average cmdk0 0 0.0 1 18 0.0 2.4 fd0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 nfs1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 nfs2 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 sd0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,bu 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,ct 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,in 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,is 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 uhci0,to 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 # sar -g 10 3 -- ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿Í page-in Á¡°Ë... SunOS yasicom 5.8 Generic_108529-09 i86pc 12/03/01 01:29:54 pgout/s ppgout/s pgfree/s pgscan/s %ufs_ipf -- pgscan/s´Â ÃÊ´ç ÆäÀÌÁö¼öÀε¥...ÀÌ °ªÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¸é °¡¿ë ¸Þ¸ð¸® ºÎÁ·ÇÑ »óÅ 01:30:04 0.90 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 01:30:14 0.90 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 01:30:24 0.90 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 Average 0.90 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 # # # -- runq-sz´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸® »ó¿¡¼­ ´ë±âÁßÀÎ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ¾²·¹µå ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, °è¼ÓÇؼ­ 2 ÀÌ»óÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¸é cpu°¡ ÇÑ°èÄ¡¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆÇ´Ü -- %runocc´Â ¾î¶² run queue°¡ ÇÒ´çµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ³ªÅ¸³½ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ÀûÀ» ¼ö·Ï ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§°¡ ³ô´Ù # sar -r 10 3 -- ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º Á¡°Ë SunOS yasicom 5.8 Generic_108529-09 i86pc 12/03/01 01:31:57 freemem freeswap 01:32:07 608 652136 01:32:17 606 652136 01:32:27 606 652136 Average 607 652136 # sar -r 10 3 -- °¡¿ë ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿Í swa3-file disk block SunOS yasicom 5.8 Generic_108529-09 i86pc 12/03/01 01:34:32 freemem freeswap 01:34:42 610 652136 01:34:52 621 652136 01:35:02 622 652131 Average 617 652134 -- °¡¿ë ¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡ ÀνºÅçµÈ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ 6% º¸´Ù °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ÀÛÀ¸¸é °¡¿ë ¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ °æ¿ì·Î ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ º´¸ñÇö»ó ========================================================================================================================== ´ÙÀ½Àº ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¼º´É ÃøÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù... µÎ°¡Áö ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ìÆ캸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù... ¸ÕÀú °¢ ³×Æ®¿÷ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ Àü¼Û »óŸ¦ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í·É¾î·Î netstat ¸í·ÉÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.. ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î -i ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé tcp/ip Æ®·¡ÇÈ¿¡ À־ °¢ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ÆÐŶ »ç¿ë·® »óŸ¦ È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.. ¾Æ·¡¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ °ÍÀ» º¸¸é.. Collision Rate = collis/opkts = 0/675407 = 0 ÀÌ ¼öÄ¡°¡ 5% ~ 10%¿¡ °¡±î¿öÁö¸é ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡ ¿À¹ö·Îµå°¡ ÃÊ·¡µÈ °ÍÀ̶ó°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.. Input packet Error Rate = ierrs/Ipkts Ouput Packet Error Rate = Oerrs/Opkts Input Packet Error Rate°¡ 0.25% º¸´Ù Å©°ÔµÇ¸é ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÆÐŶÀ» µå·ÓÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.. ========================================================================================================================== # netstat -i 5 input elxl0 output input (Total) output packets errs packets errs colls packets errs packets errs colls 1553181 6 675370 0 0 2862401 6 1984590 0 0 11 0 1 0 0 21 0 11 0 0 10 0 2 0 0 20 0 12 0 0 10 0 2 0 0 20 0 12 0 0 12 0 2 0 0 22 0 12 0 0 10 0 2 0 0 22 0 14 0 0 10 0 2 0 0 20 0 12 0 0 9 0 2 0 0 19 0 12 0 0 7 0 2 0 0 17 0 12 0 0 10 0 3 0 0 20 0 13 0 0 8 0 2 0 0 16 0 10 0 0 . . . . . . # netstat -i Name Mtu Net/Dest Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis Queue lo0 8232 loopback localhost 1309340 0 1309340 0 0 0 elxl0 1500 192.168.0.0 yasicom 1553317 6 675407 0 0 0 Name Mtu Net/Dest Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis lo0 8252 localhost localhost 1309340 0 1309340 0 0 elxl0 1500 fe80::201:2ff:fe7d:3cb4/10 fe80::201:2ff:fe7d:3cb4 1553320 6 675410 0 0 ========================================================================================================================== µÎ¹ø° ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¼º´ÉÃøÁ¤ ¸í·É¾î·Î snoopÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡¼­ ÆÐŶÀ» ĸóÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇϸç, ¸ðµç °¢ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿Í ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ coll trace¸¦ ´ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.. ´ÙÀ½Àº ÀÌ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡ ÆÐŶÀ» ƯÁ¤ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ º¸°üÇÏ°í, ´Ù½Ã ±× ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ ³»¿ëÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ¿¹ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ========================================================================================================================== # snoop -o /tmp/a Using device /dev/elxl (promiscuous mode) 20 ^C # snoop -i /tmp/a 1 0.00000 192.168.0.1 -> yasicom TELNET C port=3565 2 0.00023 yasicom -> 192.168.0.1 TELNET R port=3565 Using device /dev/el 3 0.15040 192.168.0.1 -> 192.168.0.255 UDP D=39213 S=3516 LEN=832 4 0.04999 192.168.0.1 -> yasicom TELNET C port=3565 5 0.79813 yasicom -> 192.168.0.1 TELNET R port=3565 6 0.10485 192.168.0.1 -> yasicom TELNET C port=3565 7 0.00020 yasicom -> 192.168.0.1 TELNET R port=3565 8 0.20046 192.168.0.1 -> yasicom TELNET C port=3565 9 0.06794 192.168.0.1 -> 192.168.0.255 UDP D=39213 S=3517 LEN=276 10 0.00068 192.168.0.1 -> 192.168.0.255 UDP D=39213 S=3518 LEN=120 11 0.62573 yasicom -> 192.168.0.1 TELNET R port=3565 12 0.10825 192.168.0.1 -> yasicom TELNET C port=3565 13 0.00021 yasicom -> 192.168.0.1 TELNET R port=3565 14 0.20042 192.168.0.1 -> yasicom TELNET C port=3565 15 0.69107 yasicom -> 192.168.0.1 TELNET R port=3565 \r\00011 16 0.11157 192.168.0.1 -> yasicom TELNET C port=3565 17 0.00020 yasicom -> 192.168.0.1 TELNET R port=3565 \r\00012 \r\00013 \r\00014 18 0.09619 192.168.0.1 -> 192.168.0.255 UDP D=39213 S=3519 LEN=832 19 0.10424 192.168.0.1 -> yasicom TELNET C port=3565 20 0.50641 192.168.0.1 -> 192.168.0.255 UDP D=39213 S=3520 LEN=276 ========================================================================================================================== ÀÌÁ¦ ÅøÇϳª¸¸ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°í...¼Ö¶ó¸®½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤¸®´Â ³¡³³´Ï´Ù..ÇæÇæ~ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¼Ò°³ÇÒ ÅøÀº ¸ð³Ä¸é... sdtprocess¶ó´Â ÅøÀÔ´Ï´Ù..ÀÌ ÅøÀº CDE ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼º´É ÃøÁ¤ ÅøÀÔ´Ï´Ù... ¿ª½¬...GUIÅøÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸¶¿ì½º·Î ¶Ç°¢¶Ç°¢ Âï¾î°¡¸é¼­ ÅøÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» ÀÍÈ÷½Ã±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.. ±Û°í....ÇÁ¸®¿þ¾î·Î À¥¿¡¼­ top À̶õ ÅøÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.. www.sunfreeware.com¿¡ °¡½Ã¸é...ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.. °¢ÀÚ OS ¹öÀü¿¡ ¸Â´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ´Ù¿î ¹ÞÀ¸¼Å¼­...pkgadd ÇÏ¿© ¼³Ä¡ÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù... 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